The basic theory test is taken at a computer at the road traffic office (in some cantons at accredited testing centres). It usually consists of 50 questions; the permitted number of mistakes is limited (depending on the canton only a few errors are tolerated). The questions cover signals and markings, right of way, speeds, behaviour towards vulnerable road users, the environment and vehicle technology.
To be admitted to the exam you need a valid first aid certificate, a passed eye test and the completed application for the learner's permit (with photo and proof of identity). Only once these documents are in place can you book an exam appointment. After passing the theory exam, the learner's permit is issued.
Preparation is usually done through self-study with official learning apps and question catalogues based on the official question pool. Many driving schools also offer theory classes or online access. Anyone who works through the question catalogue systematically and completes mock exams has a good chance of passing on the first attempt.
As a price guide, the exam fee is roughly CHF 30 to 40 per attempt (without guarantee, varies by canton). If you fail, the exam can be retaken after a short waiting period – each attempt costs again. Learning apps range from around CHF 20 to 50 depending on the provider.
Important to know: the basic theory is not to be confused with the VKU (traffic theory course) and the practical test – the theory exam comes right at the start of training. A pass has limited validity; if no learner's permit is obtained within the deadline or if it expires, a new theory exam may become necessary.